Apache arrow is a cross-platform binary format for in-memory data storage. Being much more compact than JSON it is suitable for larger datasets as well as for interoperability with other software that generates apache-arrow format files:
To use Apache Arrow data with Vega (or Vega-Lite) you need to link to the vega-loader-arrow and apache-arrow javascript packages in the head of your HTML along with the normal links to the vega and vega-lite runtimes:
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/apache-arrow"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vega-loader-arrow"></script>
Data source contains 200,000 flight records as a binary arrow file.